1. Which locations can bacteria be found in nature? Select all that you think are correct.

1. Yellowstone Hot Springs
2. Hydrothermal Vents
3. Bottom of the Ocean
4. Antarctic Glaciers

1. Intrinsic resistance in bacteria primarily comes from Horizontal Gene Transfer. 

1. True
2. False

2. In what forms can ARGs be found? Select all that apply. 

1. Chromosomal DNA (bacterial genome)
2. Plasmid DNA
3. Human Genome
4. Free-floating DNA in the environment

3. _________ is a type of intrinsic resistance where bacteria are able to remove toxic substances that happen to sometimes include antibiotics

1. Membrane impermeability
2. Modifying compounds
3. Efflux pumps
4. Nitrification
5. Photolysis

4. Where are we most likely to find the genes that encode intrinsic resistance in bacteria?

1. Plasmid
2. Free-floating in the Environment
3. Human Genome
4. Bacterial Genome

5. ________ is the type of resistance that is the most concerning for public health.

6. Reorder the events below for how antimicrobial resistance gets into the environment through land application of manure.

1. Antibiotic resistance containing manure residues wash into nearby streams.
2. Livestock are treated with antibiotics.
3. Rain washes away the topsoil.
4. Livestock manure is land applied.

1. From the following, select which are types of Horizontal Gene Transfer.

1. Formation
2. Transduction
3. Transformation
4. Migration
5. Conjugation

2. Select all of the options that lead to selective pressure on bacteria.

1. DNA replication
2. Emptying Untreated P. W. into the Env.
3. Incorrect use of antibiotics
4. Land application of manure

3. Categorize the following source of antimicrobial resistance into point source and non-point source.

1. Raw Sewage
2. Forestry
3. Industrial Sewage
4. Agriculture
5. Storm Water
6. Urban Runoff
7. Wildlife
8. Effluent from wastewater treatment plants

4. Besides our health, how does antimicrobial resistance affect us? Select all of the options you think are correct.

1. Healthcare costs
2. Economy
3. Food production
4. Poverty and inequality

5. When we flush our toilets, our waste disappears and we don’t have to worry about it anymore.

1. True
2. False

6. Our wastewater treatment plants are not designed to remove antimicrobial resistance.

1. True
2. False

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